新东方在线四六级名师朱杰骅老师为各位同学带来2016年6月大学英语四六级开始新大纲解读。

　　一. 改动在哪里？

　　四级：

　　1. 取消短对话

　　2. 取消单词及词组听写

　　3. 新增短篇新闻听力（3段）

　　调整后的四级听力结构：

　　六级：

　　1. 取消短对话

　　2. 取消单词及词组听写

　　3. 短文听力由3篇缩减至2篇

　　4. 新增讲座、讲话听力（3篇）

　　调整后的六级听力结构：

　　至此我们可知，新四六级听力保留了长对话和短文听力两类题型，只在题目数量上有所调整，而此次主要的变动在于新增了四级的“短篇新闻听力”和六级的“讲座/讲话听力”，而且删除掉了听写部分的题型。新增的两种全新的题型在解题上也对考生们产生了新的要求，接下来请大家和我一起来认识一下这两种全新题型。

　　二. 四级的“短篇新闻听力”和六级的“讲座/讲话听力”是什么？

　　四级“短篇新闻听力”：

　　选取短篇幅新闻稿件，作为听力素材，基于该段新闻的内容，设置单选题，共三段新闻，七道题。

　　从官方提供的样题中可见其特点：

　　新四级样题新闻听力第一段：

　　样题题干：

　　Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.

　　1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.

　　B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.

　　C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.

　　D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.

　　2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.

　　B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.

　　【题型解读】

　　题干部分仍旧仅提供选项，从选项内容上看，句子整体的难度无论是在用词上还是句子结构上，与四级听力选项一贯的难度是一致的，但是选项中大量出现考生较为陌生的专有名词，如地名“Somali”，“Kampala”，“Nairobi”等，这些词不仅形态陌生，而且读音往往也不好辨认，对考生来说是一个挑战，并且可以想象，作为新闻稿件，频繁出现专业名词、专业说法将成为常规现象，各位考生务必做好准备，第一学会将这些专业名词符号化，第二进一步加强自己对语音音节构成的认知，正确不让这些专业名词在听力过程中干扰自己。

　　样题原文：

　　1.Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.

　　The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, 2.but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.

　　1. What is the news report mainly about?B

　　2. When did the incident occur? C

　　【题型解读】

　　样题中三篇短篇新闻听力全部来自BBC，字数最少的一篇为130词左右，最长的一篇为190词左右，特点是1.长难句较多，2.大量出现专业名词或专业性的叙述。

　　由于新闻的内容偏专业性，离日常生活比较远，听力难度较之前的短对话无疑是大大增加的，但在这种情况下，选项所涉及的内容和新闻原文的内容一定是高度一致的，能够最大程度地提供预判素材，所以阅读选项变得更为重要，结合选项对新闻内容作出大致预判成为听力过程顺畅与否的关键。

　　由于新闻稿件有其特殊的行文方式和行文风格，所以考生需要重视日常的新闻素材听力训练，第一在文体上，熟悉新闻稿件的形式，第二在听力感受上，熟悉新闻稿件的听力特点，纵观历年历次四级考试改革，此次听力题型改动无疑将四级听力对考生的要求推向了“听力能力考查”的巅峰，应试技巧被削弱。

　　六级的“讲座/讲话听力：

　　选取讲座或演讲的录音作为听力素材，基于内容设置单选题，一共三篇讲座或演讲，共10题。从官方提供的样题中可见其特点：

　　新六级样题讲座/讲话听力第三段：

　　样题题干：

　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.

　　23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.

　　B) The huge volume of its annual sales.

　　C) The service it provides to its customers.

　　D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.

　　24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.

　　B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.

　　C) Those that require very careful handling.

　　D) Services involving a personal element.

　　25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.

　　B) Those who have to work long hours.

　　C) Those who are used to online transactions.

　　D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.

　　【题型解读】

　　选项难度和六级听力选项一贯难度保持一致，结合样题中的三篇演讲题的选项，由长句子构成的选项明显变得更多，对考生预习选项的能力有了更高的要求，此为难点一；由于讲座、演讲的内容总是和某一专业性主题相关，所以在内容上容易出现专业性较强的表述，如样题中23题的D选项“The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.”，在阅读选项的时候，这些选项会造成不小障碍，此为难点二。

　　样题原文：

　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.

　　I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.

　　23.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, 23.still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.

　　Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.

　　Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.

　　Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.

　　24. Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.

　　There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. 25.Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.

　　23 What is important to the success of an online store?D

　　24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?A

　　25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online? B

　　【题型解读】

　　新六级的讲座/讲话听力素材来源比较复杂，样题中第一篇来自托福(微博)原题，第二篇来自VOA，最长的一篇原文字数达到了450词。

　　讲座/讲话听力题型的内容往往会比较专业，但是在形式上，由于是演讲内容，很多时候更偏向于口语表达。这类题型同样有着特定的行文方式和风格，考生需要靠日常多积累，多练习，方能轻松应对。

　　最后这类题型值得关注的，也是最重要的一点，样题中几乎所有题目的正确答案都在原文中完整被呈现出来，也就是俗称的“听到什么选什么”，和被取消的考查逻辑思维的短对话相比，从某种程度上说，对考生来说反而是好事。

　　三. 总结和建议

　　新四六级的听力直接地体现出一个信号：进一步强调考生的语言能力。考生需要加强平时对英语新闻、英文讲座素材的练习和积累，彻底地加强自己的英语听说能力，才能不慌不忙地应对新题型。

　　在此推荐四级的同学可以到听力特快网站：http://www.listeningexpress.com上去寻找适合自己的新闻听力素材，该网站囊括了几乎所有你能想到的英文新闻，非常全，而且均搭配了音频和原文稿，请同学们一定好好利用。

　　六级的同学强烈建议关注公开课当中提供了大量哈佛、耶鲁等名校的公开网络课程，其中有一些难度太大，专业性太强，不建议大家听，请选择难度较低的，偏社会学科类别的课程进行学习和积累，另外也可以到TED的官网去听TED演讲。